副詞:用來說明事情發生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。
1、副詞的分類:(見下表)
副詞分類
2、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用:
⑴作狀語:
① 時間副詞:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動詞的前面。如:
We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城)
They have already been to the UK twice.(他們去過英王國兩次)
Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 頻度副詞:一般放在be動詞之後或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如:
sometimes I get up early.(我有時起得早)
The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠裡吃午飯)
Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)
③ 方式副詞:一般放在行為動之後,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如:
Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快)
Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞裡,他看見了一絲亮光)
④ 地點副詞:一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如:
There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那裡,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個方向流動)
The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚吓的狼逃開了)
He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副詞:修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前;修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的後面;only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如:
I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我幾乎把那事全忘了)
It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那麼奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)
⑥ 疑問副詞:用于對句子的狀語進行提問,位置總是在句首。如:
When and where were you born?(你何時何地出生?)
Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什麼要坐在雞蛋上?)
How do you do?(你好!)
⑦ 連接副詞:用來引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。
How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那隻貓還是個問題)
That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)
He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)
⑧ 關系副詞:用來引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如:
This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經住過的地方)
Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學得這麼好的方法)
⑨ 其它副詞:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在動詞前;either “也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前;on/off“開/關”放在動詞之後;not放在be之後、助動詞之後、不定式或動名詞之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或動詞之前。如:
He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的裡邊衣袋裡)
--Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。)
副詞在句子中的位置
(2)作表語:地點副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動詞之後,說明人物所處的位置。如:
I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)
I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉有将近20年了)
Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)
(3)作定語:時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的後面。如:
People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現在的人們經常在餐館裡吃節日晚宴)
Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀20年代那兒的女人過着可怕的日子)
(4)作賓語補足語:地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。如:
Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的髒襪子拿開!它們在散發着臭氣。)
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關在家裡做作業)
[注意] “動詞 副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應該放在代詞之後。如:He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來。)
副詞在句子中的作用:
3、有關副詞的重要注釋:
⑴ as…as…常構成一些詞組:as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as 形容詞/副詞 as possible(盡可能……地)。如:
Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)
Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。)
[注釋] “as long / much as 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達…”的含義。如:
The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)
They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞裡長達兩周。)
⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法:①“一段時間 later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以後/以前”,主要用于過去時态。②“after/before 某個時刻”分别表示“在某時刻之後/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before:ago隻能用于過去時,before用于完成時。如:
He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)
Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數年後這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)
Have you been there before?(你從前到過那兒嗎?)
After a few years he gave up smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)
⑶ above、below、over、under的用法:在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如:
The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中)
A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機從頭頂飛過。)
當above、below、over、under是介詞性質時,意義相似。
⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法:too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗号隔開;also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔開;nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首;如:
Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎?)
He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。)
He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)
You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發覺那個市場很好。)
⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法: enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之後;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相當”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(“非常”)放在動詞之後。如:
It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那麼貴/非常貴/相當貴。)
I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)
[注意] very與 much的區别:very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級;much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如:
He is very stupid.(他很笨)
The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)
You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學校)
I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)
⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法:sometimes(有時)用于一般現在時、 sometime(在将來某時)用于将來時、 some times(數次)表示次數、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如:
Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山裡去)
I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)
I will meet your father sometime.(我什麼時候要見見你的父親。)
⑺ how、what用于感歎句的用法:對句子中的形容詞或副詞感歎時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感歎用what. 如:
What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好!)
How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀!)
⑻ already、yet的用法:在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如:
Have you done it already?(你已經做好了?)
I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)
⑼ hard與hardly的用法:hard作為副詞意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是:“幾乎不”,一般與情态動詞can/could連用。如:
They study English very hard.(他們英語學得很刻苦)
You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人随地吐痰)
⑽ like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法:三個短語分别表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如:
I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球
Do you like butter better than cheese?
They like hamburgers best.
⑾“quite/what a 形容詞 名詞”的用法:記住:①quite/such/what... a 形容詞 名詞;②too/so/how 形容詞 a 名詞;③rather a 形容詞 名詞 = a rather 形容詞 名詞。如:
I have never seen such a strange guy(家夥).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家夥)
It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)
⑿ how 的幾個短語:how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時态,對表示頻度的詞語進行提問; how soon“多久以後”,用于将來時态; how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時态; how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數進行提問; how much“多麼,多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數量(不可數)或金錢進行提問。如:
How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經多久了?)
How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉?)
⒀ much、more與most的用法:這三個詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級形/副,more表示“更”用來構成多音節形/副的比較級,most表示“最”用來構成多音節形/副的最高級。此外,much也可以修飾比較級形/副。如:
This park is much more beautiful than that one.(這個公園比那個漂亮多了)
It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)
⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法:表示時間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer隻能放在謂語動詞之前;表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如:
He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那裡)
Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)
He didnt smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽煙)
⒂ 被動語态中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動詞之間。如:
The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運動員受了重傷)
English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)
⒃ too...to...與so...that...的問題:副詞too/so後面跟形容詞或副詞,to後面跟動詞,that後面跟從句。Too...to... (“太.……以緻不……”)是否定的結構,用于簡單句;so...that...(“如此…以緻…”)是肯定結構,用于複合句。如:
The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這麼強壯,搬得動那個重箱子。)
⒄ 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有:early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如:
It was a long holiday.(那是個長假)
He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)
Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會找到辦法)
He is a very hard(難對付的) person.(他是個難玩的家夥)
⒅ farther與further的用法區别:表示地點、方向或距離時兩個詞同義,意思為“更遠、較遠”,但是further還表示“更多、進一步、額外”等意思,此時不能換為farther. 如:
They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠些)
This problem will be further discussed.(這個問題還要進一步讨論)
Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他們每個人大學畢業後繼續進修)
⒆ rather與quite的用法區别:同very一樣,兩個詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比預料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對“nice”程度的描繪:
(小) not nice →(fairly) nice →quite nice →rather nice →very nice(大)
如:It’s quite a nice film.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的電影)
It’s rather a nice film.(這是部很不錯的電影。)(意味着比大多數電影都好)
[注意]注意quite與rather後面的詞序。
⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的區别:maybe“可能、也許”,比另外兩個詞更不正式、更随便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也許”,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示“無論如何”;perhaps“可能”,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如:
You could put it over there,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊)
I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在這麼短的時間内完成這麼長的一本書)
I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件)
(21) most、mostly的區别:most作為形容詞和名詞時意思是“大多數的、大部分的”,作為副詞時意思為“最,十分、很”;mostly僅為副詞,意思為“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如:I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空時大部分時間都在家)
Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)
This is the most exciting part of the film.(這是電影中最令人興奮的部分)
She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)
(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的區别:worth一般被看作是介詞,後面接名詞或者動名詞,用主動表示被動含義,還可以用副詞well修飾;worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,後面跟動名詞的被動形式。如:
What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做).
The house is worth ¥300,000.(房子價值30萬元)
This book is well worth reading several times.(這本書值得好好讀幾遍)
It is a thing worthy of being seen.(這是一個值得看的東西)
(23)almost、nearly的區别:兩個詞意思相近,都表示“幾乎、将近”,大多數情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用時用almost不用nearly. almost no 相當于hardly any(幾乎沒有)。如:
He had done almost nothing today.(他今天幾乎沒有幹什麼)
We are almost/nearly there.(我們幾乎就到那裡了)
Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(幾乎沒有人懂他的話)
(24) a bit與a little的區别:這兩個名詞短語經常當作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級或比較級,可以互換,語氣比rather弱。如:
This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(這台數碼相機有點貴)
It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點)
另外,a little可以直接加不可數名詞,a bit 則采用“a bit of 名詞(不可數或可數名詞複數)”的形式。如:
I have got a bit of a cold.(我有點感冒)
Go and get a little water for me, please.(請你去給我搞點水來)
[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意為“根本不”,而 not a little則意為“非常,不是一點”。
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